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Acne Vulgaris and Its Causes
Acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne or pimples, is a common skin disorder that
plagues about 85% to 100% of people at some time during their lives. It affects
people of every age, gender and race, although it is more evident in teenagers.
Acne vulgaris is actually characterized by non-inflammatory follicular papules
or comedones as well as by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules in its
more acute forms.
Acne vulgaris occur as it affects the areas of the skin with the densest
population of sebaceous follicles. The common areas affected are the face, neck,
upper part of the chest, and the back, although it may also appear on different
parts of the body like the head and the genital area.
Numerous studies have noted that there are generally four major factors that are
responsible for the development of an acne lesion. The pathogenesis of acne
vulgaris is deemed multifactorial due to this finding. These four factors that
trigger the development of acne vulgaris include the follicular epidermal
hyperproliferation and hyperkeratinization, excess sebum, propionibacterium
acnes, and inflammation.
The follicular epidermal hyperproliferation and hyperkeratinization actually
appears to be one of the main events in the formation and development of acne
vulgaris. The findings have noted that the increasing levels of the adrenally
derived androgen dehydropiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are correlated with the
emergence of the microcomedo, which is actually the primary acne vulgaris
lesion. This development may then aggravate the follicular epidermal
hyperproliferation, which may also be stimulated by an alteration in sebum and
lipid levels in the acne vulgaris lesions.
Excess sebum is the second factor in the formation of acne vulgaris. It plays
its role as the hormonal changes greatly trigger the formation of acne vulgaris.
Then, there is the P. acnes, which is a microaerophilic organism found in many
acne vulgaris lesions. It basically stimulates inflammation by emitting
proinflammatory mediators that disperse through the follicle wall. Some findings
also note that hypersensitivity to P. acnes can explain why many of the people
develop inflammatory acne vulgaris.
Finally, recent studies have shown that inflammation may be a primary or
secondary phenomenon in the development of acne vulgaris. Its secondary
inflammatory response has been shown on its association to P. acnes. However,
the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1a expression has been recognized in the
microcomedone, which may play a large role in the formation of acne vulgaris.
Acne vulgaris, through recent findings, has been found out to cause physical
pain and psychological suffering. It can even lead to scarring which may last
for a lifetime, and certain illness like fever and arthritis may result from it.
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